The gospel accounts of the New Testament each record that
Jesus died when he was crucified upon a cross (Matthew 27:31-50; Mark 15:15-37;
Luke 23:23-46; John 19:19-30). Mark's and Luke's account say that Jesus breathed
His last. Matthew records that He "yielded up His spirit," and
John says He "gave up His spirit." Ecclesiastes 12:6-7
describes death and the need to be prepared to meet God before death. "Remember
Him before the silver cord is broken and the golden bowl is crushed, the pitcher by the
well is shattered and the wheel at the cistern is crushed; then the dust will return to
the earth as it was, and the spirit will return to God who gave it." We are all
familiar with this event, called physical death, when the spirit God gave us leaves the
physical body and returns to meet its Maker. "It is appointed for men to die once
and after this comes judgment" (Hebrews 9:27).
Jesus died a physical death because He chose to become a man
and to die. He "emptied Himself, taking the form of a bond-servant, and being made in
the likeness of men. And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself by
becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross" (Philippians
2:7-8). Jesus willingly died to fulfill God's eternal purpose and plan for
redeeming man from the clutches of sin and into the family of God. (Read Ephesians
1:3-12). In becoming flesh, neither Jesus nor anyone else "inherited"
sin that someone else committed. Ezekiel 18:20 teaches, "the
person who sins will die. The son will not bear the punishment for the father's iniquity,
nor will the father bear the punishment for the son's iniquity; the righteousness of the
righteous will be upon himself, and the wickedness of the wicked will be upon himself."
However, all flesh has inherited the consequences of Adam's sin in Genesis 3, which
includes physical death (Read I Corinthians 15;21-22; Romans 5:12-15).
Jesus was uniquely qualified to suffer and die (physically) on the cross to fulfill God's
plan for redeeming man. Just as the Jewish passover lamb had to be a lamb without blemish
(Exodus 12:5), Jesus, "the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of
the world" (John 1:29), provides redemption with His "precious
blood, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless" (I Pet 1:19).
Jesus was "without sin" (II Corinthians 5:21; Hebrews 4:15), "nor
was any deceit found in His mouth" (I Peter 2:22). Jesus
is a fitting high priest that is "holy, innocent, undefiled, separated from
sinners and exalted above the heavens" (Hebrews 7:26).
The reason that Jesus is sinless is because He is God. Jesus is the Word who became flesh
(John 1:14), "...and the Word was with God, and the Word was
God." Jesus said, "I and the Father are one" (John
10:30). Jesus, who "existed in the form of God" (Philippians
2:6), is "the radiance of His glory and the exact representation of His
nature, and upholds all things by the word of His power" (Hebrews 1:3).
"And He is the image of the invisible God, the first-born of all creation. For by
Him all things were created.... And He is before all things, and in Him all things hold
together" (Colossians 1:15-17).
When Jesus died on the cross for our sins, He fulfilled the
Scriptures (I Corinthians 15:3). He bore our sins so that we might be
healed (I Peter 2:24). He became a curse (Galatians 3:13)
and He became sin on our behalf, even though He knew no sin (II Corinthians 5:21).
Jesus fully paid the debt of our sins (I John 2:2) when He died on the
cross. But did Jesus die spiritually? Spiritual death is a separation from God
caused by our sins. "...Your iniquities have made a separation betwen you and
your God" (Isaiah 59:2). Jesus told the Pharisees before His
death, "I go away, and you shall seek Me, and shall die in your sin; where I am
going, you cannot come. ...For unless you believe that I am He, you shall die in your sins"
(John 8:21,24). When Jesus died on the cross, He went to the place where
spirits go after death, called Hades -- not hell as the King James Version inaccurately
translates in Acts 2:31. Jesus did not go where the eternally condemned souls dwell in
torment, but rather He went to Paradise, where dwell the souls of the saved. (Read Luke
16:19-31.) Jesus told the penitent thief on the cross, "Truly I say to
you, today you shall be with Me in Paradise" (Luke 23:43).
Later that day, both Jesus and the thief died (John 19:32-33), and their
spirits were together in Paradise. Spiritual death results in eternal separation from God
and Christ, described as the second death or the lake of fire (Revelation 20:14).
"And if anyone's name was not written in the book of life, he was thrown into the
lake of fire" (Revelation 20:15).
Jesus willingly and puposefully died a physical death on the
cross to pay the debt of sin that condemns lost mankind. Jesus' death substituted the
penalty of our sins to keep us from suffering the consequences of spiritual death --
eternal condemnation -- if we believe and obey the gospel of Jesus Christ. But Jesus
Himself did not suffer spiritual death. Rather, Jesus triumphed over death by raising
Himself from the dead after three days in the tomb (John 2:19; John 20:1-17).
After 40 days He ascended into heaven (Acts 1:3,9). Now he is seated at
the right hand of God (Mark 16:19) where He intercedes for Christians (Romans
8:34). We are exhorted to "keep seeking the things above, where Christ
is" (Colossians 3:1) until He comes again in the clouds (Acts
1:19; I Thessalonians 4:17) to deliver the kingdom to God (I Corinthians
15:24) and to deal out "retribution to those who do not know God and to
those who do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus" (II Thessalonians
1:7-8).